Lupus is a chronic autoimmune illness that may affect various parts of the body. It occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. This leads to inflammation and damage. In the United States, approximately 1.5 million people have lupus, with women being more affected than men. Understanding how lupus can impact the body is necessary for those with the condition and their loved ones. This article will explore six ways this illness can affect organs and systems in the human body.
Skin
Lupus may cause a range of skin problems. One common manifestation is a butterfly-shaped rash on the face, known as a malar rash. Other skin issues include photosensitivity, where the skin becomes highly sensitive to sunlight, causing rashes or hives. Some individuals with lupus may also experience hair loss or discoloration of the skin.
Joints and Muscles
Joint pain and stiffness are frequent symptoms of lupus. Many individuals with lupus experience arthritis, with the joints becoming swollen, tender, and sometimes deformed. Muscle pain and weakness, known as myositis, can also occur. This makes it hard to perform everyday tasks.
Kidneys
Lupus can affect the kidneys, leading to lupus nephritis, which is inflammation of the kidneys. This condition can cause damage to the kidney tissues. It impairs their ability to filter waste and toxins from the blood. As a result, individuals may experience swelling, high blood pressure, and changes in urinary function.
Heart and Lungs
Lupus can increase the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory problems. Inflammation may occur in the tissues surrounding the heart. This causes chest pain or shortness of breath. Lupus can also cause inflammation of the lungs, resulting in coughing, chest discomfort, and difficulty breathing.
Blood and Blood Vessels
Lupus can affect the blood and blood vessels, leading to various complications. Some individuals with lupus may experience anemia, with fewer red blood cells. This causes fatigue and weakness. Vasculitis, inflammation of the blood vessels, also occurs, affecting blood flow to organs and tissues.
Brain and Nervous System
Lupus can sometimes affect the brain and nervous system, leading to neuropsychiatric symptoms. These can include headaches, dizziness, memory problems, mood changes, and even seizures. In severe cases, individuals may develop lupus cerebritis. It is an inflammation of the brain that can cause confusion, seizures, or stroke-like symptoms.
By staying informed and getting appropriate medical care, people with lupus can lead fulfilling lives while managing the effects of the disease on their bodies.