Abnormal growths in the lining of the sinuses or nasal passages are known as nasal polyps. These noncancerous growths can vary in size and occur in one or both nostrils. They are often associated with chronic inflammation and can cause uncomfortable symptoms. Understanding the causes and symptoms of nasal polyps is essential for timely detection and appropriate treatment. Below, we will explore the various factors contributing to the development of nasal polyps and the common symptoms associated with this condition.
Causes of Nasal Polyps
Chronic Inflammation:
Chronic inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses can typically lead to nasal polyps. Conditions like allergies, asthma, and recurring infections can lead to an overactive immune response. This can cause the lining of the nasal passages to become swollen and inflamed, ultimately leading to the development of polyps.
Weak Immune System:
Individuals who have a weakened immune system are more prone to developing nasal polyps. Certain medical conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, or primary ciliary dyskinesia, can impair the immune system’s ability to fight off infections. This can further increase the risk of nasal polyp formation.
Genetic Factors:
Certain individuals have a genetic predisposition that increases their likelihood of developing nasal polyps. If a close family member, such as a parent or sibling, has had nasal polyps, there is an increased likelihood of developing them.
Aspirin Sensitivity
A small number of individuals sensitive to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may develop nasal polyps as a reaction to these medications. This condition, known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), can cause severe nasal inflammation and the growth of polyps.
Symptoms of Nasal Polyps
Nasal Congestion:
One of the most common symptoms of nasal polyps is persistent nasal congestion. The growths can block the nasal passages, obstructing the airflow and causing difficulty breathing through the nose.
Runny Nose and Postnasal Drip:
Nasal polyps can lead to excessive mucus production, resulting in a constantly runny nose. They may also cause postnasal drip, where mucus drips down the back of the throat and causes a persistent cough or throat irritation.
Reduced Sense of Smell:
As nasal polyps grow larger, they can obstruct the olfactory receptors in the nose, leading to a diminished sense of smell or complete loss of smell (anosmia).
Facial Pain or Pressure:
Larger nasal polyps can cause facial pain or pressure, especially around the forehead or the bridge of the nose. This discomfort may be constant or come and go.
Headaches:
Some individuals with nasal polyps may experience recurring headaches, often localized around the forehead or the frontal region. These headaches can result from the sinus blockage and inflammation caused by the polyps.