GIST is a rare type of cancer that typically begins in the stomach or small intestine. Several treatment options are available for patients with GIST (Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors). Patients must explore different treatment options and work closely with their medical team to find the best action for their case. This article will discuss the various GIST treatment options. Read on.
Surgery
Surgery is the primary treatment option for GIST. Surgery removes the tumor and any nearby affected tissues. Sometimes, a small tumor may be removed entirely without further treatment. However, additional treatment may be necessary for larger tumors or those that have spread to other areas.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapy has changed the treatment of GIST. This approach focuses on blocking specific proteins that cause the growth of cancer cells. Imatinib or Gleevec is the most commonly used targeted therapy drug for GIST. It works by inhibiting the activity of the KIT protein, which is often found in GIST cells. Other targeted therapy drugs, such as sunitinib (Sutent) and regorafenib (Stivarga), may be used if the tumor becomes resistant to imatinib.
Chemotherapy
This treatment method uses medications to kill cancer cells and is generally not the primary treatment for GIST. However, it may be used in some instances, such as when the tumor cannot be removed with surgery or has spread to other organs. Chemotherapy drugs used for GIST include doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and ifosfamide (Ifex). Chemotherapy may also be used to shrink the tumor before surgery or to control symptoms in advanced cases.
Radiation Therapy
This treatment uses high-energy beams to destroy the cancer cells. It is not commonly used in treating GIST but may be considered in certain situations. For example, it may be used after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells. Radiation therapy may also be used to control symptoms in advanced cases where the tumor cannot be surgically removed.
Surgery is often the primary treatment, while targeted therapy is highly effective in blocking proteins responsible for tumor growth. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be used in some instances, such as in advanced disease or when the tumor cannot be removed surgically. Through advancements in medical research and ongoing clinical trials, the treatment options for GIST continue to improve, offering hope to patients and their families.