Myeloma, or multiple myeloma, is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells – a vital component of the immune system, producing antibodies to fight off infections. When these cells become cancerous, they multiply uncontrollably, leading to various symptoms and complications. Below, we will explore the symptoms and causes of myeloma, shedding light on this complex disease.
Understanding Myeloma
Myeloma develops when plasma cells in the bone marrow become abnormal and divide rapidly, producing excess abnormal cells. These cancerous plasma cells can crowd out normal blood cells, causing various complications and symptoms.
Symptoms of Myeloma
Symptoms of myeloma can vary significantly from person to person. Some common signs include bone pain, often in the back or ribs, which may worsen with movement or pressure. Fatigue and weakness are also common, as myeloma can impact the production of healthy red blood cells. Frequently, individuals with myeloma experience unexplained weight loss, recurrent infections, and a tendency to bruise easily due to a decrease in platelet production.
Causes of Myeloma
The exact cause of myeloma is still a mystery. However, researchers have successfully identified several risk factors that may increase an individual’s likelihood of developing the disease:
Age (Individuals Over 65 Are More Likely to Develop Myeloma.)
A Family History of Myeloma or A Related Blood Disorder.
Exposure to Certain Chemicals or Radiation
A Weakened Immune System
Genetic Conditions.
Diagnosing Myeloma
Diagnosing myeloma often involves a combination of laboratory tests, imaging studies, and bone marrow biopsies. Blood and urine tests help detect abnormal proteins produced by cancerous plasma cells. Imaging tests (X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs) are used to assess bone damage or the presence of tumors. Bone marrow biopsies help evaluate the number and characteristics of plasma cells.
Treatment Options
The treatment of myeloma depends on several factors, including the stage of the disease, individual preferences, and overall health. Treatment plans aim to manage symptoms, slow disease progression, and prolong survival. Common treatment modalities include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and supportive care to manage symptoms and complications.
Living with Myeloma
There are numerous resources and support systems available to help individuals with myeloma manage the disease. Individuals should ensure regular medical check-ups, adhere to treatment plans, and follow a healthy lifestyle that includes proper nutrition and exercise. They can also seek support from family, friends, and support groups to help them cope better.